IntroductionMalnutrition is a global challenge in low- and middle-income countries, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia (Shetty, 2002, Black, et al., 2008). More than ten million children under the age of five die each year worldwide, and the percentage of child deaths in sub-Saharan Africa is approximately 41% and another 34% in South Asia (Black, et al. , 2003). It has been estimated that more than 50% of these child deaths could be attributed to the potentiating effects of malnutrition in infectious diseases such as diarrhea, pneumonia, malaria, tuberculosis and other infections (Rice, et al., 2000, Caulfield, et al. . , 2004). As a result of deficiencies of essential nutrients in the daily diet and the impact of recurrent infections, malnutrition is a major contributor to the global burden of disease, especially in children under five years of age (Black, et al., 2008 ). The high prevalence of childhood diseases and deaths associated with chronic and recurrent infections in third world countries contributes largely to poor nutrition in those countries (Rice, et al., 2000, Caulfield, et al., 2004). The aspects involved in the etiology of numerous deficiency diseases depend on the interaction between social, demographic, genetic, infectious and social conditions (Manary & Solomons, 2004, Black, et al., 2008). Poverty is the main determinant of malnutrition in these communities. (Sachs and McArthur, 2005). It is known that the political situation and low economic growth, changes in climatic conditions such as drought or overpopulation cause a shortage of some food products, a high prevalence of infectious diseases, civil conflicts and wars, natural and unnatural disasters contribute to increase malnutrition (Shetty, 2002, Mul...... middle of paper ......ar colostrum, provides a key dietary source of vitamin A for infants and young children (Sommer & Davidson, 2002). It is also need to improve maternal health nutrition and vitamin A status in poor societies because breast milk comes from the mother (Latham, 2010) Conclusion As a result of deficiencies of essential nutrients in the daily diet, numerous deficiency diseases remain pervasive and harmful conditions in developing countries. of development, particularly in low and middle incomes. Malnutrition is clearly not a simple problem with a single, simple solution. Multiple, collaborative interventions incorporated into prevention approaches can be effective because malnutrition has many causes. There is a wide range of sectors and organizations that need to determine priorities for resource allocation across nutrition, health, economic and education policies.