Diabetes refers to a group of different diseases. It is a major health problem worldwide and the fourth leading cause of death from disease in the country. All types of diabetes cause excess sugar or glucose in the blood. To understand why this happens, it would be helpful to understand how the body normally works. When we eat, our body breaks down food into simpler forms such as glucose. Glucose enters the bloodstream, from where it then travels to all the cells in the body. Cells use glucose to produce energy. Insulin, a hormone produced by the pancreas, helps move glucose from the bloodstream into cells. The pathophysiology of diabetes mellitus further explains the concept of how this disease works. The pancreas plays an important role in glucose metabolism by secreting the hormones insulin and glucagon. These hormones were then secreted from the islets of Langerhans directly into the blood. Inadequate insulin secretion causes impaired metabolism of glucose, carbohydrates, proteins, and fats, which then causes hyperglycemia and glycosuria. Hyperglycemia is the most frequently observed sign of diabetes and is considered the etiological source of diabetic complications at both a physical and ocular level. On the other hand, glucagon is the hormone that opposes the action of insulin. It is secreted when blood glucose levels fall. There are two types of diabetes. Type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Type 1 diabetes is called dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) or juvenile-onset diabetes mellitus. The pancreas suffers an autoimmune attack by the body itself and is rendered incapable of producing insulin. It is in type 1 diabetes that abnormal antibodies are normally found. Antibodies are proteins in...... middle of paper ...... and the importance of taking nutritious foods and multivitamins, try to stop drinking coffee for two or three days. Eat regular, well-balanced meals. Avoid the fast food lifestyle that can cause large fluctuations in blood sugar. Finally, the patient will be able to describe the benefits of regular exercise and how regular exercise can improve blood sugar control. They should know the importance of relaxation and exercises, deep breathing, which are popular ways to relieve stress and avoid strenuous physical activity. Meditations and yoga are great ways to relieve stress. Therefore, knowing the concept of diabetes in general is very important to prevent further complications of other critical diseases. It is better to understand and emphasize the importance of good nutrition, exercise, diet and a healthy and active lifestyle for improving someone's well-being..