Topic > What is chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE)?

Chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) is a neurodegenerative disease attributed to single, sporadic, or repetitive brain trauma, including concussions and subconcussive blows (Baugh et al., 2012; Wortzel et al., 2013). This disease was originally called dementia pugilistica and nicknamed “punch drunk,” because individuals suffering from this disorder presented symptoms similar to someone's mannerisms while intoxicated (Wortzel et al., 2013). This "drunk" behavior is believed to be attributed to cognitive, mood, and behavioral changes as a result of repeated blows to the brain over a long period of time. Because individuals affected by this disease are often exposed to conditions that allow them to sustain repeated blows to the head, the populations most often examined in these studies are athletes (football, boxing, rugby) and/or military personnel (McKee et al. al., 2009). Individuals may be symptom-free for several years (Baugh et al., 2012). The onset of symptoms is sometimes observed approximately eight to ten years after an individual retires from their sport, which is roughly equivalent to someone being between the ages of thirty and fifty (Baugh et al., 2012; Wortzel et al., 2013; Karantzoulis and Randolph, 2013). As with all diseases, symptoms can range from mild to severe. Researchers have found a positive correlation between the number of brain injuries sustained over a period of time playing a sport and the severity of symptoms (McKee et al., 2009). The specific brain regions affected by CTE are often debated, but some of the areas most commonly believed to show deterioration are: limbic system (thalamus, hypothalamus, amygdala, mammillary bodies), hippocampus, cerebral cortex, anterior... of the sheet… the picture is relatively new, more reliable, objective and longitudinal studies need to be conducted there so that researchers can gain a more concrete understanding of the natural course and symptoms of the disease (Karantzoulis and Randolph, 2013; Wortzel et al., 2013). Chronic traumatic encephalopathy, previously called dementia pugilistica, can be understood as a tauopathic, neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disease. Although there is no neurobiological or neuropathological explanation for why CTE occurs, most researchers believe that the disease is strongly related to previous head injuries. An individual suffering from CTE will most likely experience changes in their mood, behavior, and cognition. Because this is a relatively new area of ​​research, there are still many unknowns regarding the symptoms, pathology, and natural course of the disease..