As Whitbourne states, “if participants wish to discontinue their involvement in the study, they must be allowed to do so without penalty or question” (Whitbourne). Milgram states that all subjects were allowed to leave at any time; however, the experimenter shows a recognizable persistence towards the subject in continuing the experiment, insisting that "it is absolutely essential" that he continue and that "they have no choice" but to remain in the experiment (Milgram 80-81 ). Baumrind insists that Milgram's experimental design was degrading and emotionally harmful to his subjects (Baumrind 92-93). Peter C. Baker, author of "Electric Schlock: Did Stanley Milgram's Famous Obedience Experiments Prove Anything?", states that most humans tend to obey when they hear the commands of an authority figure (Baker). Given that all subjects in Milgram's experiment volunteered to participate, it can be assumed that most subjects had trust in their experimenter, who, in Milgram's experiment, is the authority figure (Baumrind 93). As Baumrind mentions, Milgram's experiment had the potential to cause experiment participants to have distrust of other adult authorities in the future, after realizing they had been deceived and virtually denied the right to discontinue their participation in the study.