The carbon cycle is an important component of the planet's biogeochemistry. In the lithosphere and biosphere, carbon plays an important role in biomass creation and decomposition. The carbon cycle in the hydrosphere, particularly in the oceans, is not as well understood. We know, however, that oceans play a critical role in the carbon cycle because they act as a large sink of carbon as it is rapidly exchanged with the atmosphere. The carbon cycle in the oceans involves both organic and inorganic compounds. The distribution of these forms of carbon is therefore largely controlled by solubility and biological pumps. The solubility pump works because CO2 is more than twice as soluble in cold water as in hot water. This allows carbon to be removed from the atmosphere at the poles and then pumped into the deep ocean which contains this cold, high-density water. The biological pump is driven by the biota present in the oceans. When CO2 is absorbed from the atmosphere into the oceans, it is converted into dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC). At the ocean surface, primary production of marine phytoplankton then converts this DIC into organic material. Some phytoplankton also have the ability to combine dissolved calcium with dissolved carbonate to create calcium carbonate (CaCO3). This calcium carbonate is used to make up the hard shell coatings of many marine organisms, from small plankton such as coccolithophores and phytoplankton, to larger organisms such as molluscs, crustaceans and echinoderms. The biological pump can be explained mainly as the cycling of these organisms and their shells. When an organism dies, the carbon fixed by its soft or hard tissues is mostly contained in the upper level... in the center of the paper... where it draws CO2 from the atmosphere into the deep oceans. As always, much more research needs to be done on this CO2 removal option and better determine the positive and negative effects. The carbon cycle has been shown to be essential to Earth's biogeochemical cycles, but there is still much to learn about the processes occurring in Earth's oceans. Whether through natural transfer from the atmosphere or anthropogenic pumping, CO2 levels in the oceans are rising. Many studies have been conducted to try to understand the effects this increase will have on the oceans and their biogeochemical cycle, and most have turned out to be negative. These negative effects, such as dissolution of calcium carbonates and hypercarbia on water-breathing organisms, can have long-term effects on populations, species and the overall ocean food web..