Sight is one of the most important senses available to man. Man's vision ensures his survival through the apprehension of danger and prey, and "takes part in a wide range of behavioral complexes: navigation, balance, object recognition, guidance of social interaction" (Harris and Humphreys , 1991, p179). Vision was a concept addressed by philosophers long before psychologists even existed, the relationship between man, vision and the world has been one of the most studied. It is no surprise that the anatomy of the visual system is one of the best understood today. The very distinct functional specialization within this system makes it a great example for understanding the brain as a whole. We will briefly talk about the nature of visual perception before addressing the actual anatomy of the human visual system. We will then explain the different methods to highlight the previously exposed facts and the different research that led to our actual knowledge. Humphreys and Riddock (1994) demonstrated that 60% of the monkey cortex is dedicated to visual processing, it seems obvious that its importance is colossal. Before them, Gregory (1966, p.9) had already asked science the following question: "How is the information coming from the eyes codified in neural terms, in the language of the brain, and reconstructed in the experience of surrounding objects?". It seems that we can only perceive the world. "Perception is not determined by stimulus patterns; it is a dynamic search for the best interpretation of available data." Gregory (1966). This available data is physical surfaces that create differential reflections of light that are then transmitted to the eye. Rosinski (1977) classifies perception into three of... middle of paper... ital lobe, specialized for color, by McKeffrey and Zeki in 1997. Some patients face problems in space recognition: Balint (1909) describes deficits in visually driven behavior, calling it optic ataxia. Some patients can reach objects with their hand but cannot describe them. Some patients have the exact opposite problem. ( Jeannerod 1988; Perenin and Vighetto 1988; Goodale et al 1994, 1991) The visual system is a deeply specialized apparatus that analyzes light stimuli coming from the visual field of both eyes. Functional segregation is based on three fundamental components: shape, color and movement. Previous research in this field was based on monkey brains or brain-damaged human patients. Lashley's anti-localization stance is no longer followed. Today, however, research is oriented towards evidence regarding the microspecializations of the brain.