Government functioning in our country is so poor and poor people do not get support and resources from the government, so they start these movements. If the government initiates a project that leads to the displacement of people, it does not provide sufficient resources and substitutes for the poor. Say no to plagiarism. Get a tailor-made essay on "Why Violent Video Games Shouldn't Be Banned"? Get an original essay PROBLEM ANALYSIS - In some movements the government was lagging behind and in others the industrial or private companies. Private industrialists donate money and liquor to the village people to stop the movements. Government laws are so bad and weak, that's why citizens have to make some movements. THE MOVEMENTS –1. Chipko Movement – ​​In 1973 the chipko movement was started in the Rajasthan region and then spread to Uttrakhand, it was founded by Sunderlal Bhaguna and Chandini Prasad Bhatt. People were seen protesting against deforestation by hugging trees to prevent them from being cut down. The movement took place in the early 1970s by a group of women and many people came seeking support across India. The problem started when the forest department did not give permission to the villagers to fell ash trees for making tools. The department has given permission for sports production for commercial use. Greater questions of ecological and economic exploitation of the region have been raised. The villagers called for cutting of forests or trees not to be carried out by external contractors and for local people to have effective control over natural resources such as land and water. The active participation of women was an important aspect of the movement. Contractors gave liquor to the men. Women organized agitations against the supply of alcohol. Finally, tree felling in the Himalayan region was banned for 15 years.2. Party-based movements: Popular movements have taken the form of social movements or political movements. We also know that discussion on social and economic issues during British rule gave rise to independent social movements such as the anti-caste movement, kisan sabha and trade union movement in the 20th century. These movements raised issues related to some important social problems. The trade union movement had prominence among industrial workers in major cities such as Mumbai, Calcutta and Kanpur. All major political parties have created their own trade unions to encourage these categories of workers. The farmers of Telangana region of Andhra Pradesh staged massive agitations under the leadership of the communist parties and demanded redistribution of land to cultivators. Peasants and agricultural laborers in parts of Andhra Pradesh, West Bengal and Bihar, their movements were under the Naxalite leader Charu Munjabdar, known as the Naxalites. The peasant and workers' movements focused primarily on issues of injustice and economic inequality. These movements did not participate in the elections. But they had ties to political parties, as many participants in these movements were actively associated with the parties. These connections have ensured better representation of the demands of the social sectors in party politics.3. Non-Partisan Movements: During the 1970s and 1980s many sectors of society did not function well due to political parties. The root cause was the failure of the Janta experiment which resulted in instability and was the immediate cause. After independence poverty and inequality were on a large scale. The benefits of economic growth have not reached everywhere. There were problemsbetween the industrial and agricultural sectors. The students and various other people and organizations came to form a volunteer organization. They thought that active student participation would be direct and more effective. These organizations were called non-partisan political formations.4. The Dalit Panthers movement after the demise of Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar belonged to the Dalit Panther. THE militant organization was formed on May 29, 1972. Five years later, it was disbanded through a statement made at a press conference held in Mumbai on March 7, 1977. An ideological schism among its leaders prompted Namdeo Dhasal to fire me and Raja Dhale announcing it in the newspapers published from Mumbai on 30 September 1974. It culminated in the sacking of Dhasal at the first convention of the organization held in Nagpur on 23 and 24 October 1974. In June 1975, then Prime Minister Indira Gandhi declared an emergency in India, imposing restrictions on human rights newspapers and organisations. Hence, the period from May 1972 to June 1975 was the most crucial in the activities of the Dalit Panther movement.5. Bhartiya Kisan Union – The farmers' movement led by the Bhartiya Kisan Union (BKU) in western Uttar Pradesh (UP) is in many ways similar to the movements in Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Maharashtra and Punjab. The BKU raised the same issues and had similar goals. Furthermore, western UP, like other parts of the country, where farmers have been mobilized through agitational politics, is an area where commercialization and capitalism were the first to penetrate agriculture. But the Upper Doab region in western UP had specific economic, social and political conditions, which shaped the nature and character of the farmers' movement in western UP. Uttar Pradesh (UP), with 16.44% of the Indian population, 1 sends the largest number of deputies to Parliament (85), thus exercising a decisive role in the formation of the central government. Only geography guarantees its position as an agricultural heartland. UP comprises nearly half of the Gangetic plain, one of the most fertile stretches in the world. Economically the state is backward, 82.1% of the population lives in rural areas. With slow industrial development, the state is predominantly dependent on agriculture. In agro-economic terms, UP can be divided into 5 regions: (i) Northern Hills, (ii) Western UP, (iii) Central UP, (iv) Bundelkhand and (v) Eastern UP. The 19 districts of western UP are the most advanced region from an economic and agricultural point of view, followed by the central and eastern districts, the hill districts and finally Bundelkhand. The demands were: Better prices for sugarcane and wheat. Abolition of restrictions on the interstate movement of agricultural products. Ensure electricity supply6. Narmada Bachao Andolan – This protest, to express views against a large number of dams opposed near the Narmada River, brought together a large number of tribesmen, farmers, environmentalists and human rights activists. The movement involved prominent celebrities and people who went on hunger strike to show their support for the cause. The decision is still pending, although the court initially ruled in favor of the Andolan, thus immediately halting work on the dam and ordering the affected states to complete the rehabilitation and replacement process first. The court subsequently authorized the construction. The government has been directed by the Supreme Court to first arrange for the replacement of the villagers as their livelihood would be a major loss and then only begin the construction of the Sardar Sarovar Dam.7. Movement forRight to Information: The MKSS played a pioneering role in getting the Right to Information (RTI) Act passed in India. Mazdoor Kisan Shakti Sangathan, (MKSS) is a people's organization and part of the growing non-partisan political process in India. In 1996 MKKS formed the National Council for People's RTI in Delhi to elevate RTI to the status of a national campaign. A weak freedom of information law was enacted in 2002, but never came into force. In 2004, the RTI bill was redone, got the signatures of the presidents and came into force. 8. National Fishermen's Forum – India, with its 6,000 km of coastline and countless rivers, lagoons, lakes, reservoirs and ponds, has one of the largest fishermen populations in the world. The total fisher population exceeds 7 million, of which one third depends on marine fishing and the remaining two thirds on fishing in a variety of inland water bodies. Fishing communities are generally very poor. Despite having had greater importance in antiquity, fishermen were relegated to low-caste status during the medieval period. However, in the past the community has always enjoyed a certain autonomy and dignity. With the introduction of mechanized deep-sea fishing and export-oriented aquaculture, the threat to fishermen's livelihoods has made it necessary for workers in the sector to organize and create new connections. The growth of the All Goa Fish Workers' Union, the Kerala Independent Fish Workers' Federation and the Tamil Nadu Fish Workers' Union are a result of attacks on the livelihoods of fish workers. Since fisheries are a matter managed by state governments, most fisheries workers' organizations have been and still are at the state level. The National Fish Worker Forum is an all-India organization that represents the interests and unites these local movements. The NFF has partnered with organizations around the world to protect the ecology and protect the lives of seafood workers. .8. Anti Arrack – Women have been at the forefront of movements against alcohol-related social ills. Women of Patad village in Uttar Pradesh have launched an anti-liquor movement. Liquor shops located near bus stops, a temple and a mosque were ruining the social ambience of the area. Women found it difficult to board buses, wash clothes in the pond and move freely in the village. With the support of a voluntary organisation, Disha, the women of the village launched a three-month agitation, which eventually forced the administration to order the closure of the liquor shop. In 1996, the Haryana government banned the sale and purchase of liquor in Haryana. The people of Andhra Pradesh had been struggling against the sale of arak or local liquor, which had been supported by several governments over a period of time. The income generated from the production and sale of arak in the state was too high for governments to take any action to stop its production or sale. Many liquor entrepreneurs were closely associated with politicians and there was a close connection between crime and politics. The anti-arrack movement began in Nellore district in 1992 and quickly spread to other parts of the state. The poor rural women of the district started the movement. The fight against alcohol soon transformed into a real women's movement. The rural women of Andhra Pradesh had been marginalized from every walk of life for centuries. They were illiterate, exploited by landowners and victims of domestic and social violence. Suddenly they rebelled against the police officials, i.