ASSIGNMENT TOPIC - ELISA Say no to plagiarism. Get a tailor-made essay on "Why Violent Video Games Shouldn't Be Banned"? Get an original assayELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) is the test that evolved from other types of immunoassays in the early 1970s and is now one of the most advanced laboratory techniques widely clinical, translational and used in medicine clinic. This test is also used to detect and quantify substances such as peptides, proteins, antibodies and hormones. With this test it detects and measures antibodies in the blood. This test can be used to determine if you have antibodies related to certain infectious conditions. APPLICATIONS: ELISA can be applied to determining serum antibody concentrations in a viral test. ELISA tests have also been found in home pregnancy tests and food industry when detecting potential food allergens such as milk, peanuts, tree nuts, almonds and eggs. ELISA can also be used in toxicology as a rapid presumptive screening for some classes of drugs. ELISA has been widely used in different clinical and medical areas such as immunology, biological pharmacy, diagnostic industry. Detection of antibodies in blood sample due to past exposure to disease. For example; lung diseases, trichinosis, HIV and avian influenza. PRINCIPLE: Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) combine the specificity of antibodies with the sensitivity of simple enzyme tests, using antibodies or antigens coupled to an easily detectable enzyme. ELISAs can provide a useful measurement of antigen or antibody concentration. One of the main differences in this application: with the ELISA application you can use the antibody that will recognize the antigens. A sensitive immunoassay that uses an enzyme linked to an antibody or antigen as a marker for the detection of a specific protein, especially an antibody or antigen. ELISA involves the detection of an "analyte" in a liquid sample using a liquid reagent or dry strips. analysis, the strip can be used in reflectometry. Quantitative reading is usually based on detecting the intensity of transmitted light by spectrophotometry of a specific wavelength. The sensitivity of the detection depends on the signal amplification during the analytical reaction. In some enzymatic reactions, the signal generated by the enzyme is linked to detection reagents in fixed proportions to allow accurate quantification.TYPES OF ELISA:Direct ELISAIndirect ELISASandwich ELISACompetitive ELISADirect ELISA: is suitable for the detection of protein antigens and may require pre - sample purification. It is performed when the desired antibody is available in a pre-conjugated state. Indirect ELISA: The primary antibody is not conjugated, so indirect ELISA is required where a conjugated secondary antibody is targeted to the isotope of the primary antibody. Sandwich ELISA quantifies the measurement of antigen between two layers of antibodies. The antigen to be measured must contain at least two antigenic premises equipped with official agent acting against, since at least two antibodies act in the Sandwich. Competitive ELISA: In this type the neutralizer is initially incubated together with a sample containing the antigen. The antigen-immunizer mixture is then added to the microtiter well covered with antigen. The more visible the antigen is in the example, the less it will be possible to bind the free immune response to the well covered by the antigen. After washing the well, an auxiliary contrast agent conjugated compound specific for the neutralizer isotope essential to decide2.