Umit Dincer127 et al (2016) studied the effects of kinetic chain exercises on articular cartilage and to evaluate whether it is possible to repair cartilage in patients with grade 1 -3 knee osteoarthritis (OA). A total of 35 patients with grade 1-3 OA were included in their study. Patients were randomly assigned into two groups: group 1 (exercise group, n=19) and group 2 (control group, n=16). Group 1 patients performed closed kinetic chain exercises, transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS), and hot compresses under the supervision of physiotherapists for three weeks in a hospital setting, followed by nine weeks of exercises at home. Say no to plagiarism. Get a tailor-made essay on "Why Violent Video Games Shouldn't Be Banned"? Get an original essay Patients in group 2 were treated with TENS + hot compress for three weeks. All patients were evaluated by MRI at baseline and week 12. Primary increase in cartilage volume and thickness was analyzed. Both groups were also compared for pain and function. The results of their study demonstrated that there were no significant differences in the total cartilage volume pre- and post-treatment (from 4594.73 mm3 to 4866.80 mm3) and in the cartilage thickness of the medial and lateral tibial plateau (from 2.06 mm to 2.10 mm and 2.30 mm to 2.35 mm, respectively) in group 1 (p=0.505, p=0.450, p=0.161, respectively). Similarly, no significant difference in pre- and post-treatment cartilage volume and thickness was observed between the groups (p>0.05). In terms of functionality, significant differences were found between the exercise group and the control group (p<0.05). They concluded that there is no significant effect of closed kinetic chain exercise on cartilage volume or morphology. Nor Azlin M.N128 et al., (2011) in their single-blind controlled experimental study was conducted to determine the effects of passive joint mobilization on pain and stair ascent-descent time in subjects suffering from knee osteoarthritis ( OA knee). They studied a total of 22 subjects aged 40 years or older with mild and moderate knee OA, assigned to passive knee mobilization plus conventional physiotherapy (experimental group) or conventional physiotherapy alone (control group). Both groups received 2 therapy sessions per week, for 4 weeks. A blinded evaluator measured pain with the visual analogue scale and stair ascent-descent time with the aggregate locomotor function test, at baseline and week 4. There was a significant reduction in pain among subjects in the group experimental (18.07 mm, t = 3.48, p = 0.01) compared to the control group (6.66 mm, t = 0.44, p = 0.67). There was a non-significant clinical difference in stair ascending-descending time between the two groups (i.e., 6.25 s in the experimental group versus 6.78 s in the control group, F (1,10) = 0 .70, p = 0.42). No significant correlation was found between pain score and stair up-down time, r = 0.34, p = 0.16. They concluded that the addition of passive joint mobilization to conventional physical therapy reduced pain but not time going up-down stairs among subjects with knee osteoarthritis. Yvonne M. Golightly129 et al., (2012) in their study examined to discuss the effectiveness of different types of exercise programs for OA based on studies, systematic reviews and meta-analyses in the literature. Publications from January 1997 to,.