Several scholars have established theories to expound on human development. The basis of each concept is varied and depends on the theorist's perception, which could include sexuality, social life or even intellectual abilities. This article will focus on three theories of the development of; Piaget, Freud and Erickson. Say no to plagiarism. Get a tailor-made essay on "Why Violent Video Games Shouldn't Be Banned"? Get an original essay According to Cherry (2018), Piaget's theory of cognitive development implies that children go through four stages of mental development. The theory focuses on how knowledge is acquired and understanding the type of intelligence. The first intellectual stage is the sensorimotor stage which begins at birth up to two years. In this early stage, infants and young children acquire knowledge through sensory experience and manipulation of objects. Reflexes, senses and elementary motor reactions play a crucial role in enhancing a child's experiences. Babies learn physical actions, including crawling; they also understand people's linguistic concepts. Furthermore, children learn to differentiate objects, so they begin to give words and names to objects. The preoperative phase is the second phase and lasts from two to seven years. At this level, children begin to think symbolically and use words and pictures to represent objects. Furthermore, they tend to be self-centered and think about things in very concrete terms. The third is the concrete operational phase, which lasts from seven to eleven years. During this stage, children begin to think logically about concrete events and begin to understand the concept of storing and using inductive reasoning from particular facts to a general principle. Finally there is the formal operational phase, which occurs from the age of twelve. Young adults begin to think abstractly again and think about hypothetical problems. Furthermore, they present moral, ethical, socio-political and philosophical issues that require theoretical and abstract thinking. Children at this stage are able to see several meaningful solutions to problems and can systematically plan for the future. In contrast, Branje & Koper, 2018 et al. reported that Erickson's theory focuses on psychosocial development which involves a discussion of social impact across the lifespan in eight stages. Trust versus mistrust is the first stage and starts from birth to one year - this is a vital stage in life that allows a child to develop trust, which translates into feeling safe in the world. The inability to build together with those who care for them generates fear and the belief that the world is unpredictable. Autonomy against shame and doubt is the next step and occurs during early childhood. Allowing children to make simple decisions and gain control allows the child to develop autonomy, on the contrary, denying children to engage in such activities generates a sense of inadequacy and lack of confidence. The third is the anti-guilt initiative, which occurs during the preschool years. Children begin to assert their control and power over the world by guiding play and social relationships. Successful kids feel capable of leading others, while those who fail to grasp these skills feel guilty. At the age of five to eleven, the inferiority to industry stage develops where children develop a sense of pride in their achievements and talents. The successful person is competent and can handle any task while the opposite group is inferior. The turbulent period of adolescence shows the phase of identity and confusion, characterized.
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