Topic > Hereditary breast and ovarian cancer

When healthy cells in the breast or ovaries change and grow out of control, they form a mass or layer of cells called a tumor. A tumor can be malignant (cancerous) or benign (noncancerous). A cancerous tumor grows and spreads to other parts of the body while a benign tumor does not spread. Breast or ovarian cancer spreads when the cancer grows in other parts of the body or spreads (metastasizes). Hereditary breast and ovarian cancer (HBOC) is an inherited genetic condition in which the risk of cancer is passed down from generation to generation in a family. The BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes are associated with most HBOC families. BRCA stands for BReast CAncer. Say no to plagiarism. Get a tailor-made essay on "Why Violent Video Games Shouldn't Be Banned"? Get an original essay A mutation (alteration) in BRCA1 or BRCA2 increases a woman's lifetime risk of developing breast and ovarian cancers and prostate cancer in men. Not all families with multiple cases of breast and ovarian cancer have mutations in BRCA1 or BRCA2. Normally each cell has 2 copies of each gene: 1 inherited from the mother and 1 inherited from the father. The risk of contracting HBOC also increases when the mutation occurs in only one copy of the gene for the person, and this pattern is called an autosomal dominant inheritance pattern. This means that a parent with a genetic mutation can pass on a copy of the gene with the mutation to the child. Approximately a child has a 50% chance of inheriting the mutation from the parent with the mutation. A brother, sister, or parent of a person who has a mutation also has a 50% chance of having inherited the same mutation. Approximately 10% to 30% of women under the age of 60 who are diagnosed with breast cancer have a mutation in the BRCA1 or BRCA2 gene. HBOC is diagnosed more frequently when there are multiple cases of breast cancer and/or ovarian cancer in the same family line. (about 80%). Effective screening methods have had an impact on cancer survival, but there is currently no effective screening test for ovarian and breast cancer based on genetic models. Since early diagnosis is associated with improved survival rates, the main goal of the proposed work is to diagnose HBOC early by identifying the alteration in the genetic pattern that causes the abnormal phenotype or increases the risk of disease. The diagnosis of BRCA1- and BRCA2-associated hereditary breast and ovarian cancer (HBOC) is proposed to be established in a study person by identification of a heterozygous pathogenic variant in BRCA1 or BRCA2 using deep learning neural network ( DLNN). Deep learning neural network is the best technology available to handle such large, non-linear data based on human genes. We therefore propose a DLNN-based classification model for early diagnosis of BRCA1- and BRCA2-associated HBOC by identifying the alteration in the genetic pattern that causes the abnormal phenotype or increases the disease risk. Such a diagnosis would help increase the survival rate of cancer victims and save millions of lives.