The concept of political parties was an evolving concept and structure that emerged after the American formation of political parties in the 18th century. The political scientist Edmond Burke stated in 1770 that political parties are “a body of men united to promote, by united efforts, some principles in which they all agree.” Professor Feigenbaum expanded this definition by stating that political parties are an institution representing different but compatible interests. Both of these definitions have led to the recognition that political parties develop in a nation alongside the development of society and display the divisions and triumphs of the nation. Thus, recent changes in political parties in the UK, France and Germany parallel recent changes in their societies, such as the evolution of new social movements that have changed electoral composition and decentralized grassroots party organisations. In recent years it has become clear that the classic two-party system of post-World War I Britain has given way to a more complex picture in which distinct party systems operate at national, regional, local and European levels. This move to a multi-party system can be considered to have begun after the 1972-73 coal strike, in which the Labor Party lost members to the Liberal Party or other nationalist parties. This event and its effects on British political parties coincide with John Milton's statement in 1644: “truth must be found through discussion”. This statement, combined with the effects of the coal strike, shows that the real prerequisite for the discovery and formation of political parties is for there to be the creation and then acceptance of an organized opposition. T...... middle of the sheet ......to take into account the largest political manifestations and interests of the French population, Immigration. Therefore, political parties in France must be able to change their positions and their political spectrum according to the mode, interests and demographics of the French population. This is due to the lack of loyalty to French political parties and must appeal to the growing population of citizens who have turned to political participation through the form of protest due to the growing disengagement in French politics. Works Cited Burke, Edmond. Thoughts on the cause of current discontent. London: Printed for Printed for J. Dodsley, 1770.Kesselman, Mark. European politics in transition. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 2009. Print. Gaspard, Françoise. "Rediscovering the citizen." A small town in France. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 1995. 170. Print.