In various societies, people use several different languages in conversations among their friends, family and colleagues. Especially in Singapore, it is not an uncommon phenomenon to hear two or more bilingual speakers speaking and code-switching between English and Chinese, English and Malay, English and Tamil or even Standard English and Singapore English with each other in a natural and effortless. manner. Along these lines, I have mechanically related varieties of speech to “codes” and despite having a large variety of definitions for code-switching to choose from; I decided to use Heller's definition. Heller (1988) defines code switching as alternating between two or more languages in a single sentence or conversation. During this phenomenon, it is common for individuals to fluently use more than one language during a single communication episode. When this happens, bilinguals are not taught how to code-switch, but instead rely on unconscious linguistic understanding to distinguish between tolerable and intolerable uses of code-switching. According to Auer (1989), factors such as cultural interaction, intercultural marriage, education, and colonization are some of the influences for code-switching. Furthermore, speakers may choose to alternate from one code to another, either to stand out, to show commonality with a social group, to discuss a certain topic, participate in social events, to impress and influence the audience, or to express feelings and affections (Crystal, 1987). However, there has been a misunderstanding in many people's perception, that "code-switching is bad", "code-switching is confusing", and that "code-switching will result in a language deficit in which the individual... middle of paper..." ...substantiated research demonstrating that code-switching is a cause of delay in language or cognition (De Houwer, 1999). However, being able to encode the transition from one language to another in a conversation has been shown to bring cognitive, academic and linguistic benefits, as the individual has an increasingly larger vocabulary, lexical terms and phrases to choose from to convey a message. (Skiba, 1997; Bialystok, 2001). Furthermore, by engaging in code-switching, it also promotes intercultural appreciation and uniqueness (King & Fogle, 2006), where it can be embraced during the process of switching between two languages in a conversation. Furthermore, in my opinion, code switching should be considered a spoken skill as it requires a high degree of linguistic competence rather than the weakness of consuming inadequate knowledge of one or the other language used.
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