In this regard, I would like to pay special attention to Paivio's dual coding theory in which students process information both verbally and nonverbally. Dual coding theory was hypothesized by Allan Paivio of the University of Western Ontario in 1971. Paivio realized that providing pictures helps in learning when he developed this theory. He believes that through verbal associations and visual images a language learner can expand the materials learned. Dual coding theory further explains that both visual and verbal information are used to represent information texts. These types of information are processed differently and are funneled into the human mind creating two different information storage areas. The mental codes representing these ideas are organized in a way that can be acted upon, stored, and retrieved for later use. Both visual and verbal codes can be retrieved when remembering information (Sternberg, 2003). A dual coding theory according to Clark and Paivio (1991) explains human behavior and experience in terms of