Europe was a turbulent region in the 15th and 16th centuries. In particular, during the Renaissance and the Protestant Reformation, both introduced radical intellectual ideas and religious beliefs that challenged centuries of highly structured and established systems. After the great developments of what is now ancient Greece and Rome; Europe fell into a period known as the Middle Ages. Where learning was suppressed, however, in the early 1400s, there was a “rebirth” of learning: the Renaissance. The Renaissance was marked by an intense awakening from the long sleep into the visible world and into the knowledge derived from experiences and the effort to revive ancient knowledge. The term Renaissance has become, over the years, synonymous with Art, understood as a branch of knowledge, valuable in itself. Art was to be based on observation of the visible world and practiced according to the mathematical principles of balance, harmony and perspective, developed in this period. High Renaissance art, which flourished for about 35 years, from the early 1490s to 1527, until the sacking of Rome by imperial troops. Art revolved around three towering figures: in the hands of men like Leonardo Da Vinci; the greatest “Renaissance man” for the breadth of his intellect, interest and talent and his expression of humanistic and classical values ​​(1452–1519), Michelangelo Buonarroti; who drew inspiration from the human body and created large-scale works (1475–1564), and Raffaello Sanzio; the youngest of the three great masters of the High Renaissance, learned by both Vinci and Michelangelo and his paintings expressed the classical ideals of beauty, serenity and harmony (1483-1520). Each of the three embodied an important aspect of the period. In addition to expressing classical Greco-Roman traditions, Renaissance art sought to capture the experience of the individual and the beauty and mystery of the natural world. During the Renaissance, architecture was not only a practical matter, but also an object of theoretical discussion. While the exterior elements of Renaissance architecture were impressive in themselves, the interior elements were also unique. The obvious distinctive features of classical Roman architecture were adopted by Renaissance architects. However, the forms and purposes of buildings had changed over time, as had the structure of cities. Among the first buildings of the renewed Classicism were churches of a type that the Romans had never had