Regeneration is a process in which tissue shapes itself into an exact replica of an injured or severed part. The regeneration process depends on several factors such as the environment and the development of the organism in question (Br, 1955). Regeneration occurs in multiple stages, and the organism must have the ability to perform each of them to achieve successful regeneration with minimal loss of necessary functions. First, after a wound is made, muscle contraction closes the wound (Pellettieri et al., 2010). Subsequently, a blastema is formed, a group of undifferentiated cells, which will differentiate into the missing parts. Finally, the undifferentiated cells undergo epimorphosis where the lost parts are formed by the blastema (Reddien & Sánchez Alvarado, 2004). An organism suitable for regeneration is Dugesia dorotocephala, more commonly known as black planaria. Planarians are flatworms classified under the phylum Platyhelminths and are bilaterally symmetrical. They are usually found in freshwater streams and ponds (Br, 1955). Planarians are unique in that they can reproduce both asexually and sexually. Planarians can reproduce asexually through transverse fission. Planarians are also hermaphrodites in which they can reproduce through cross-fertilization. Planarians prefer to reproduce through fission in which the organism splits in two and regenerates (Curtis & Schulze, 1933). Past experiments using Dugesia dorotocephala show the ability of planarians to regenerate after dividing the organism into different parts (Sánchez Alvarado, 2006). Planarians with transverse cuts under the head and above the tail will produce regenerated segments due to the planarians' ability to form Neoblasts and undergo epimorphosis to create new bodies......center of the card......many organs that would prove vital for scientists to explore stem cell regeneration in humans (Rink, 2013). The importance of regeneration in planarians is providing scientists with insights into how stem cells can be used for human purposes. The regeneration of advanced organs could not only impact the livelihoods of planarians, but could revolutionize modern medicine. Through continued studies focusing on regeneration and stem cells, scientists can try to see how to manipulate the totipotent cells found in humans to regenerate into any cells needed throughout the body (Wagner et al., 2012). Humans will benefit from advances in regeneration when faced with degenerative diseases that affect the muscular system or major organs necessary for life. Regeneration can help rebuild organs or muscles damaged by infection or disease and change medicine and human health (Salvetti et al., 2009).
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