Elam was lost, northern Mesopotamia and Syria fell away from Akkadian rule. The Guti then invaded Mesopotamia and completely disrupted Akkadian rule. Then they ruled Sumer and Akkad. They only held sway for about 100 years and then Ur-Nammu, the ruler of Ur, took over. These are examples of external influences, these people come from other realms and dominate each other, influencing in a sense new values, culture and ways of life. Ur-Nammu, still ruler of the empire of Ur, died in battle. His son, Shulgi, then ascended the throne. Production centers were established throughout the kingdom to produce a wide range of goods. The kings of Ur also established a network of allied states. Shulgi dies and the reign lasts about 20 years. The kingdom falls apart and Akkad and Sumer break away and claim their independence. Elam then sacks the city and takes control of Ur. This is another exterior