1.5.3 2D and 3/4D Ultrasound Technology Since 2003, there have been advances in ultrasound imaging technology with applications such as two-dimensional (2D) ultrasound scanning ), which provides a grayscale image of the detailed internal structures of the fetus. With additional software, the same ultrasound machine can also produce enhanced images using 3/4D scans. Currently, sonographers are involved in using scanning technologies in hospital settings and private clinics at various stages of pregnancy. These technologies offer an in-depth examination of fetal anatomy (2D), while applications such as 3/4D highlight the fetal facial expressions and create easily recognizable images (Ji et al. 2005). The face, arms, legs, fingers and toes of the fetus can be reconstructed as multi-plane surfaces (Rustico et al. 2005). The 4D component of ultrasound in the spatial visual plane includes depth associated with real-time motion. The surface details of the fetus are widely visualized, its movements are delineated, and its facial movements (e.g., smiles, frowns, and yawns) are easily appreciated, thus allowing parents to see a very realistic image of their baby (images of example of ultrasound scans, both 2D and 3/4D, are presented in Appendix 1).1.5.4 Clinical autonomy, competence and expansion of the role of sonographers1.5.4.1 Autonomy in immediately communicating ultrasound resultsIn the last decade, the The practice and skills of sonographers engaged in their clinical role has not been well documented, although their profile and training requires them to provide an ultrasound service within the requirements of the NSC Downs programme. In 2003, the Department of Health called for the modernization of the x-ray... half of the paper... tail normality scan, to advise on available choices such as amniocentesis to determine chromosomal risk.1.6 SummaryThis chapter introduction provided a description of the organization of the current UK antenatal screening programme, which incorporates highly visual ultrasound technology into obstetric ultrasound, and the role of sonographers carrying out routine ultrasound scans. We considered important factors that influence pregnant women's experiences, perceptions, information requirements and their need for reassurance about the health and well-being of the fetus. The primary goal of detecting fetal anomalies during an ultrasound requires further investigation, as communication of results is a dynamic process. Next, in Chapter 2, we will examine the medicalization of pregnancy and the impact of technomedicine.