Modern LiberalismThe philosophies and political theories of Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, and Jean Jacques Rousseau differ from each other, but these three philosophers all made their own claims about what man would be like, before the formation of the State. This is the state of nature. Their notions of the social contract reflect their position on the political spectrum. These three philosophers also examine the purpose and function of government towards the individuals of the state. Modern liberalism is the philosophical viewpoint for increased social progress. Jean Jacques Rousseau provides a compelling account of modern-era liberalism through its defense because of its notions of good government, its social contract, and its belief in complete freedom. Thanks to this, it allowed humanity to achieve equality for all. It places no limits on what man can and cannot do. This is modern liberalism. Thomas Hobbes, on the other hand, is at the opposite end of the political spectrum and is classified as conservative. John Locke is among these because his notions can be linked to liberalism and conservatism. State of nature For Thomas Hobbes, the state of nature is a theoretical model of life prior to the formation of the state, its institutions and government. Individuals make their own decisions and there are no recognized authority figures. Furthermore, there is no morality. Hobbes believes that by nature all human beings are equal in faculties of body and mind, with no claims to exclusive benefits. Because of this equality, conflicts will arise. When a particular goal is desired by both parties, their competitive nature will suppress their natural desire for peace. Because of this, a state of war is created in which individuals... middle of paper... through a social contract, individuals abandon their natural rights in favor of freedom and independence. The purpose and function of government is to ensure the security of liberty, equality and justice for all members of the state. A failed government is one that does not function in a moral manner towards its subjects. State interference is permitted, but only if it is in the interest of the general will. In Jean-Jacques Rousseau's State the main purpose of everything is individual freedom, because without it the creation of a State makes no sense. Bibliography Hobbes, Thomas and Aloysius Martinich. Leviathan. Peterborough, Ontario: Broadview, 2002. Print.Locke, John. The second government treaty. New York: Macmillan, 1986. Print.Rousseau, Jean-Jacques, and C.J. Betts. Discourse on political economy; And the social contract. Oxford: Oxford UP, 2008. Print.