Topic > Peaceful Curriculum - 703

Abstract As female aggression becomes an increasingly serious problem in schools, educators must understand its causes and develop methods to mitigate its effects. Although the root cause of all aggression is humanity's sinful nature, there are several emerging social factors that foster female aggression. As educators, we must prevent violence through preventative methods and interventions. To achieve long-term change, a community-wide approach, such as a peaceful school curriculum, is needed. Introduction In recent years there has been an increase in the national rate of violent crimes committed by women (Prothrow-Stith & Spivak, 2005). Educators must become aware of risk factors and preventative measures regarding female aggression and help schools create cultures of peace. Causes of Female Aggression In a biblical worldview, violence and aggression are part of the sinful nature of human beings. Sin, not culture, causes aggression, but culture has the ability to channel its expression. Pearson (1997) found that women exhibit more violence in cultures that condone it. In the past, our culture taught women to reject violence and restrain aggression. This allowed for greater victimization of women, but was also a deterrent against female aggression. Risk and Protective Factors Girls may resort to violence when risk factors outweigh protective factors (Prothrow-Stith & Spivak, 2005). Risk factors include low socioeconomic status, use of alcohol or illegal drugs, academic failure, and experience of violence. Protective factors include a nurturing family life, positive adult role models, positive peers, and experience of success. Research has shown that exposure to all forms of violence, as a victim, bystander or ju...... focus of the document ......Secondary education curriculum, safe and drug-free schools.McAloney , K. , McCrystal, P., Percy, A., & McCartan, C., (2009). Harmed young people: Prevalence of community violence exposure and implications for adolescent wellbeing in post-conflict Northern Ireland. Journal of Community Psychology, 37(5), 635-638.Pearson, P., (1997). When she was bad: violent women and the myth of innocence. Toronto: Random House of Canada. Prothrow-Stith, D., & Spivak, H.R., (2005). Sugar and spice and no longer pleasant: how we can stop girls' violence. San Francisco, California: Jossey-Bass.Turner, M.A., & Kay, D.R., (2006). How does family well-being vary across different types of neighborhoods? Low-Income Working Families, Book 6. Washington DC: The Urban Institute.