Urea is a fertilizer high in N and occurs naturally because it is made from animal urine. This fertilizer contains a controlled reaction of ammonia (NH3) and carbon dioxide (CO2) gases. The chemical formula of Urea is CO(NH2)2, composed of 46% N and with a solubility in H2O of 1,080 g/L. The fertilizer can be distributed as a fluid throughout the soil due to its high solubility. Hydrolysis occurs several days after the fertilizer comes into contact with the plant. The plant can use a small part of the urea as N, ammonium (NH4+) and nitrate (NO3-). Great care must be taken where urea has been spread to minimize any loss of nitrogen to the air, surface water and groundwater. Any loss of N can cause a loss of yield and crop quality. The use of urea also finds application in power plants and diesel exhaust systems which reduce nitrous oxide (NOx) gas emissions. Urea can also be used as a protein supplement administered to ruminant animals such as