This option is used if other treatments are not tolerated by the patient.3, 11An artificial pacemaker can be inserted which will take control of the heart thus preventing atrial fibrillation from being uncontrolled. 3, 12 Other oral anticoagulants have recently been introduced to the market along with Rivaroxaban and Apixaban, showing similar effects to Warfarin for stroke prevention. 6 They have a rapid onset of action, do not require monitoring and fewer food/drug interactions compared to Warfarin.6 Monitoring: Monitoring is essential for the diagnosis of atrial fibrillation. An electrocardiogram (ECG) is the first step conducted and can detect any sinus rhythm problems.13 ECG monitoring is continued throughout the patient's life to monitor changes in atrial fibrillation.13 The intensity of monitoring depends on each person and any complications they may have. The ECG is also used in patients undergoing electrical cardioconversion and in patients taking Sotalol, as QT prolongation is a major concern