Informal and Incidental LearningFormal learning is a recognized study process reformulated with certificate or a form of special recognition by a specific institution. Formal learning is based in the classroom, usually the institution sponsors this type of learning and has structured forms. Informal learning includes learning that is incidental, places other than the classroom, such as the workplace institution, and not highly structured. Students monitor their study progress and decide how much they want to learn. Informal learning is usually intentional such as self-directed learning, networking, coaching and mentoring. Informal learning can happen incidentally and unconsciously. The following authors (Marsick and Watkins 1990 page 25) and (Garrick 1998 page 26) have compared informal learning to the concept of “en passant”. Informal learning versus formal and compliant learning by (Reischmann 1986 p. 26), social modeling by Bandura in 1986, experimental learning by Boud, Cohen, Walker in 1993, self-directed by Candy 1991. The other authors compared incidental learning a: - action learning as a variant of experiential learning, - science of action - reflection in action - critical reflection and transformative learning - tacit knowledge - Situated cognition - community of practice Incidental and informal learning is practiced in many cultures in different contexts, for example in the private and public sector, in hospitals, in healthcare, colleges and universities, schools, professional associations, museums, religious organisations, families and communities. Learning from StudyAccording to a study conducted by Colbert and Diesel, teachers learn informally through reflection...... middle of paper .... ..development. Employers learn how to access new knowledge, explore multiple ways of learning, and plan more effectively for their future learning. The adult educator can help employers identify conditions for learning more effectively. For example, welfare recipients are required to jog and maintain employment for an extended period of time. According to studies conducted there are different levels of learning that occur in various groups such as: Individual learners – who have learned by acquiring knowledge and skills. At the team level: People learn through mutual construction of new knowledge, including the capacity for concerted and collaborative action. At the organizational level: policies, procedures, work process, information system, organizational mental models and product and service knowledge influence learning. and Watkins 1990 p. 25