While natural scientists (e.g. astronomers, physicists etc.) carry out research to discover the truths of the natural world, social scientists (e.g. psychologists and sociologists etc.) attempt to discover the truths of the social world. Moser (1992) defines social research as “the systematic investigation to acquire new knowledge about social phenomena and problems”. Social scientists apply the scientific method of knowledge generation, which implies that the research method must be based on verifiable empirical evidence, to the study of people within society and describe observable phenomena, taking into account social forces (e.g. economic factors such as supply and demand), in an attempt to establish patterns of social behavior. Wilhelm Dilthey (1833-1911) embarked on his career with the lifelong concern of establishing an adequate methodological and theoretical framework for the human sciences, distinct from that of the natural sciences. Dilthey argued that human experience is divided into two parts: the natural world, governed by "objective necessity", and the internal world of experience, which implies "sovereignty of the will, responsibility for actions, the ability to subject everything to thought and to resist, in the fortress of freedom, one's own person" (Dilley, 1883). Social science research aims to understand some fundamental premises of the natural sciences, in order to be considered truly scientific and not pseudoscience. For example, one should aspire to rigorous and replicable methods, thus allowing others to repeat the research for careful examination. If the research cannot be reproduced to generate similar results, it is unlikely to be accepted within the broader scientific community. Furthermore, the social science… at the heart of the paper… of domestic violence in society has meant that statistics are unlikely to reflect true levels of domestic violence. Most social scientists will accept that good social research requires a balance of both objective and subjective knowledge. While objectivity is their elusive goal, sometimes hard facts and statistics alone provide an inadequate and limited view of social behavior. While the objective view allows the researcher to establish broad patterns of social behavior, the subjective view provides deeper insight into the reasons for such patterns. However, subjective vision is often considered less reliable than objective information. Therefore, research in the social sciences is often considered less reliable than research in the natural sciences. However, objective information is considered less ecologically valid (true to life)/relevant than subjective information.
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