In the article “Christianity and child abuse – the voice of survivors driving change”, Kennedy (2000) argued that the Christian background of children may cause further concern in the issue of child sexual abuse. Kennedy justified his argument by presenting the fact that spiritual concepts such as “the evil/sin of being abused” (126,127,129), “God's will” (127,129), “sources of God's grace” (128) have been wrongly used to justify the inhumane acts. Furthermore, he emphasized that both the subliminal messages perceived by children regarding these concepts (128) and the “silencing factors”, such as “the doctrine of forgiveness” (131) and the prohibition of premarital sex (130) in the Christian context, lead to further shame and guilt in children (131,132,133,134). Aside from the spiritual aspect, Kennedy also criticized the Christian churches' intention to protect their reputation rather than resolve the issue (133). Christian communities practiced an unjust request for forgiveness towards the victim and a patriarchal culture (135). Furthermore, Christian communities have failed to offer objective political guidance (136) and to ensure active implementation of the political document (137). Kennedy concludes the passage by suggesting the idea that state and church should address the problem hand in hand (139), and the involvement of multiple professionals with a solid religious and psychological understanding (139). Contrary to the orthodox consensus, Kennedy sees the doctrine of forgiveness as a silencing factor that caused further emotional trauma on abused children (131-4). However, I think the Christian concept of forgiveness is truly a double-edged sword rather than a paradox in the issue of child abuse. In other words, it could offer spiritual support or it could make the victim's situation worse... in extreme contexts such as child sexual abuse, but also in everyday life. The most harmful effect is “the tendency of children to 'believe, without asking questions, whatever their grown-ups tell you'”. Religious indoctrination is the kind of education that teaches children not to ask questions but to believe. What's worse is that the rationality and validity of many religious concepts with which children are indoctrinated still remains controversial. Therefore, it is important to keep children free from religious indoctrination when they are not yet mentally and intellectually mature. Keeping children free from religious indoctrination is not about being anti-religious, but about providing children with a common environment in which they can develop critical thinking and form a relatively objective way of seeing this world, so that when they grow up they have the ability to decide their religious faith.