In the first part, the second section Kinzer describes the invasion of Cuba. Kinzer highlights Spain's hard work to resolve the Cuban crisis peacefully and “any president with backbone would have grasped this opportunity for an honorable solution. Such a solution, however, would have denied the United States the rewards it sought. They could only be conquered through conquest. McKinley understood this and on April 11 asked Congress to authorize a 'forced intervention' in Cuba” (Kinzer 37). When McKinley authorized “forced intervention” in Cuba the world knew that it was nothing less than a declaration of war. The harsh reality is that Spain was willing to negotiate peacefully with the United States, but McKinley had other plans. Kinzer later claims that the CIA attempted to depose him but failed miserably. Eighteen months later, the Soviets deployed offensive missiles in Cuba, thus bringing the Soviets and America to the brink of nuclear war (Kinzer 90). This was one of the reasons why the Soviets went from being our allies to being our enemies. In section three Kinzer describes the American intervention in Nicaragua. “With one stamp he led the United States to overthrow the most formidable leader Nicaragua has ever had” (Kinzer 56). This led to a continuum of events that resulted in Nicaragua falling short of peace, happiness and prosperity. Nicaragua was in the midst of a modernizing revolution, but with American intervention, history has since depicted the country as poor and not prosperous. Kinzer underlines In 1876 a government commission studied the possible routes and concluded that the one through Nicaragua “Possesses, both for the construction and maintenance of a canal, greater advantages, and offers fewer difficulties from an engineering, commercial and economic point of view. ..... middle of paper...communist and that it all had to do with the Soviets. Kinzer writes, “It is believed, as one historian put it, 'that these are not misguided and irresponsible nationalists, but ruthless agents of international communism'” (Kinzer 136). Eisenhower was so paranoid that he conducted his own investigation into the CIA in which the CIA agent could report to Dulles independently. Arbenz got scared and secretly bought some weapons; the CIA found them and reported. Dulles declared it “evidence of communist infiltration” (Kinzer 138-140). No one could help Arbenz because the evidence was right before the eyes of the Americans and they could no longer help him. The second part, the third section, focuses on South Vietnam. Japan had occupied and controlled Vietnam during the World War. After the Japanese surrender, the Partisan leader, Ho Chi Minh, declared the country's independence.