Topic > Essay on Plato's Republic - 636

The role of virtue in Plato's Republic is to give structure to the ideal state. This is because it is argued that man, left to his own beliefs and outwardly just, will give in to the temptation to be unjust when it benefits him and when he is certain that he will not be caught. In Book IV Plato, through Socrates as a character, discusses the virtues that make up this ideal state; they are wisdom, courage, temperance and justice. Wisdom, courage and temperance are attributed to three classes that make up the State. Wisdom is attributed to the Guardian class, Courage is attributed to the Warrior class, and Temperance is attributed to the Craftsman class. The structure of the class resembles a triangle divided into three sections where at the top the smallest number of members of the ideal state belong to the Guardian. class. The second section has more members than the top but fewer than the base; this class belongs to Warriors. The final class includes the largest number of members and is reserved for Craftsmen. People, who by their nature, are endowed with the ability to acquire knowledge and understand the consequences of decisions made on the state with this knowledge possess the virtue of wisdom. Plato like Socrates discusses the difference between knowledge and wisdom. He says: “There is the knowledge of the carpenter; but is this the kind of knowledge that gives a city the title of wise and good counsel? Then he says, “Then a city need not be called wise because it possesses knowledge that recommends the best for wooden instruments.” The warrior class includes members who, no matter the circumstances, their courage cannot waver. Socrates, in the Republic, gives an example about carefully dyed wool; it cannot lose its color when dyed in the center of the paper. Justice is the nature of man. That is to say, if man ungrudgingly follows his nature, is devoted to it, fully accepts his class, his lot in life, and fulfills the duties of that class to the fullest extent, then the ideal state is naturally realized. Hobbes's view of this idea of ​​justice, the law of nature, is that man's nature is chaotic, violent, and humanity cannot function if simply left to its nature. Interestingly, Plato's idea of ​​human nature is similar in that a man who is given the opportunity to be unjust will take the unjust path. However, Plato argues that by cultivating their own strengths, individuals will produce a society, an ideal state. Hobbes argues that while man's nature can survive by any means, man is rational enough to realize that living is this chaos is no way to live, so man will appoint a sovereign ruler to ensure that a social contract be respected..