Crime costs local and national governments and private citizens money; and the Japanese have an extraordinarily social way of controlling the crime rate. Japanese national consciousness is so intense that it was used to “[convince] people that failure to fulfill their social obligations would mean a loss of social respect” (Kunio, 2006, p. 89). Japanese society, education system, and government instill a pervasive sense of character that is uniquely Japanese. However, political problems may arise if leaders instill this sense of identity for their own good and not for the good of the whole they are trying to create. There is always the possibility of institutional corruption that could create problems as people become dissatisfied and restless with their government. “The government elite's belief that they too belonged to the Japanese community and that it was their duty to contribute to its well-being” (Kunio, 2006, p. 90) the fact that no one is truly above the rules of society even across the ladder social is a sign of extreme unity within Japan. Examples of effective Japanese management policies “include lifetime employment, salaries based on seniority, promotion based on seniority, job rotation, emphasis on management philosophy and objectives, flexible management (little dependence from the labor manual), group decision making, group responsibility, emphasis on fluid human relations, ringi and minimizing status differences between workers and managers” (Kunio, 2006, p. 90). In Japan, a company a person works for is more than the place where they earn their salary; according to Kunio in Japan workers must learn the philosophy of their company and attend a series of training courses that...... middle of paper ...... evedfrom:http://books.google.com/books ?id=qmmyR0GcrUC&lpg=PR9&ots=z3JnmjV9tZ&dq=Robert%20N.%20Bellah%20Tokugawa%20Religion%3A%20The%20Cultural%20Roots%20of%20Modern%20Japan&lr&pg=PR4#v=onepage&q&f=false (Original work published in 195 7).Central Intelligence agency. 2010. The World Factbook: Japan. Washington DC: Government Printing Office. Greenfeld, Liah. 2003. The Spirit of Capitalism: Nationalism and Economic Growth. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press. Kunio, Yoshihara. 2006. Developing Cultures: Case Studies. (Lawrence E. Harrison and Peter L. Berger, eds.). New York, NY, United States: Routledge.Meyer, Milton W. 1993. Japan: A Concise History, Third Edition. Lanham, Maryland, United States: Littlefield Adams Quality Paperback.Tames, Richard. 1993. A Traveler's Story of Japan. New York, NY: Interlink Books.