John Philippe Rushton was a professor of psychology at the University of Western Ontario who became generally known for his research into apparent forms of racial variation. Rushton's book, Race, Evolution, and Behavior (1995), describes his r/k selection theory of how Mongoloids, Negroids, and Caucasoids obtain their evolutionary characteristics. Many critics and reviews have targeted Rushton for his controversial work; including articles in Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1989). Early in his career, Rushton began researching the heritable aspects of altruism; thus, developing the theory of genetic similarity. “Altruism is defined as behavior performed for the benefit of others, in its extreme form altruism involves self-sacrifice. In humans, altruistic behavior ranges from everyday kindness, to sharing scarce resources, to sacrificing one's life to save others (Rushton 1989).” This theory was a direct extension of William Donald Hamilton's theory of kin selection. Throughout Rushton's literature there is a consistent pattern of erroneous conclusions, citations from his own work, outdated sources, indeterminable measurements, and broad, vague assumptions. The consistency of these complications seriously affected his reputation. Rushton seemed to eliminate any socioeconomic factors that might influence his generalizations. By analyzing his theory of genetic similarity and evaluating all credible sources, one will find many errors and misconceptions. The rated references I viewed were legitimate and commonly tested in the kin recognition category. Rushton very often cites Hamilton regarding his mathematical notions of an organism achieving inclusive fitness by passing on the genes of an identical organism (Rushton 1989). Analyzing the... center of the card... present (Gangestad 1989). The paradox of altruism is another undefined notion because it interferes with Charles Darwin's “survival of the fittest.” Now there is a gene that contributes to the benefit of the vast number of species and it is no longer a battle for personal fitness? Organisms now reproduce to bring forth successful offspring by themselves and by genetically similar organisms (Rushton 1980). This is the evolution of species genes and now related species will get the same genes? Rushton delves further into Dawkin's "selfish gene". With zero evidence, he concludes that unrelated species with the same genetic makeup may consist of altruistic rather than simply kin-related behavior. Bringing us back to the question: how can one species know the genetic composition of another? And how they can have the same genetic composition and belong to different relatives??