Enforcement and Legislation Several codes of legislation have been ratified to prevent and discourage credit card fraud. Many have been created or modified over the past decade and are enforceable by multiple agencies, such as the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), the United States Secret Service (USSS), and the United States Postal Inspection Service (USPIS). Task forces made up of federal, state, tribal, and local agencies have been formed across the United States to increase interagency cooperation between criminal investigators and prosecutors. Credit Card Fraud Act (1984) In response to the emergence of credit card fraud in 1984, Congress passed the Credit Card Fraud Act to give federal prosecutors a broad jurisdictional basis to more effectively prosecute a variety of frauds with credit cards. This law expanded the definitions of credit card and debit instrument to any “access device,” including an account number, increased maximum penalties of imprisonment and fines, and provided a substantial penalty for repeat offenders (Department of Justice of the United States, 2013). Although the legislation was enforceable at the federal level, most credit card fraud was still investigated by state and local agencies. Interstate commerce wasn't as common until the advent of the electronic age in the 1990s. Much of the legislation enacted to combat credit card fraud continues to rely on the Credit Card Fraud Act of 1984. Hypothesis Deterrence Act. This act prohibits "knowingly transfer[ring] or use[ing], without lawful authority, a means of identification of another p...... means of paper ......cation Technology, 10(5) , 1-5.Sullivan, R. (2008). Can Smart Cards Reduce Payment Fraud and Identity Theft? EconomicReview, retrieved from http://go.galegroup.com.ezproxy.fau.edu/ps/ i.do? id=GALE %7CA189486001&v=2.1&u=gale15691&it=r&p=AONE&sw=w&asid =a865ca9611d1b6fa06e56dbd7f68560fSullivan, R. (2010). Retrieved from: http:go.galegroup.com.ezproxy.fau.edu/ps/i.do?id=GALE%7CA233963353&v=2.1&u=gale 15691&it=r&p=AONE&sw=w&asid =61ce05cd2368e9b68cbaa4281d3d32ecU.S. Department of Justice. (2013). Identifying theft and identifying fraud. Retrieved from http://www.justice.gov/criminal/fraud/websites/idtheft.html. Woolsey, B., Gerson, E. (2009). credit cards. Retrieved from: http://www.creditcards.com/credit-card-news/credit-cards-history-1264.php