The last paragraph of the preamble of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights lists teaching and education of both the young and the elderly as key countermeasures against human rights violations. The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, in particular, should be the body responsible for promoting human rights education (Cassin 6). Human rights education efforts aim to get people to internalize human rights ideals and give them a language to fight for human rights (Watenpaugh 10/28). Promoting a strong human rights culture could also create sufficient public pressure for states to ratify international treaties if they have not already done so, and to actually commit to enforcing and respecting human rights norms rather than paying lip service to them (Cassin 6). As a result, although many international treaties have near-universal ratification, human rights violations have continued in many countries around the world. Their governments have not been held accountable for their actions by the international community, partly due to international politics (Mazower 4). Such an environment of political inaction against widespread human rights abuses has led to the creation of many prominent NGOs that aim to address human rights abuses, most notably Human Rights Watch and Amnesty International. Such organizations serve to promote a culture of human rights and to monitor and protect human rights at the grassroots level (Watenpaugh